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Guerilla local economic revitalization
The perils of Wall Street don't need to spell disaster for local economies. In fact, it can strengthen the local scene.
First, the downturn will deprecate unsustainable habits of City governments and Chambers of Commerce, which tend to deplete local resources on begging for outside funding. Second, the "alternative" strategy (which should be the primary one) of nurturing local small business and activity, will move to the fore -- cooperation emerges, neighborhoods are revived, etc.
Today, before the transition is fully accepted, we need to initiate community projects that provide immediate economic energy. Here are a few common approaches.
Workshops: find your future colleagues
If you're an independent small business, you've turned your interests, talents and expertise into a full or partial living. Having come this far, you often stumble across opportunities to provide more to your community. But you just cannot, because you're already spread too thin.
Hypothetically you could just throw the opportunity to the public ... put it on Craigslist, and completely let it go ... and often that's appropriate.
But what if your involvement is required at some level? How will you find the right people for this opportunity? Say you have no money to develop the opportunity, but you have the expertise. You can't train a bunch of people for free in the hope that one of them will be a good fit. Big companies can do that, but a tiny local business cannot.
The answer is Workshops. Teach a class in your expertise, oriented towards the opportunity. Charge the students, so you can afford to do it. See who excels ... and you'll have found your colleagues.
This can be used for any topic, and any art, from cooking to painting to building construction.
Say you need your historic building restored ... but there's not enough money in the local economy to finance it. Why not have professional restorers teach regular cycles of workshops that actually repair a building. The students get a potential new career, the professionals find potential future colleagues, and, happily, a lovely building gets restored.
Say you have a vegetarian food business: you cater, you have cafes, and you have a product line sold in local stores. It's too much to manage. You need to find that rare combination of super-cook / product manager ... so why not teach workshops in creating vegetarian products for local distribution?
The inside-out university
If you put enough of these workshops together, you have a people's university, oriented towards the needs of the community. It could be called a vocational university ... but it is much looser, with courses coming and going based on immediate needs. Since it's a local university, it is focussed on local needs, eliminating the wasteful intermediate concepts of the national economy, such as "degrees" and "careers".
It's important to group the workshops into "universities", just so people can more easily discover what's on offer.
But it's important to avoid the "campus" mentality.
Even the Course Catalog, the bedrock communication tool of modern Universities, is inappropriate for economic revitalization in the manner described here. Courses are hidden in a forbidden catalog, in much the same way as students are hidden in a closed campus.
A more appropriate communication tool is normal media ... an interesting newspaper, or part of a paper already read. A matching website, worth reading for its coverage of emerging projects and opportunities, as well as a clearinghouse for information on new project-driven workshops. And regular postering around the town.
Presentation-networking meetings
There are many stages to economic revitalization. The workshop, or the people's university, is at the beginning of the incubation of new or extended economic activity. But what's before that? How to people just hear each other out? They need to listen to each other's ideas for projects, spaces, solutions etc.
The key is the public networking meeting. There are many possible formats. One is to lead with open flash presentations, where anyone can speak, giving people the opportunity to identify potential collaborators. People are then naturally encouraged to form groups around the various topics raised. Communication facilitation tools are provided ... computers with internet connections, community web forum, etc.
Project Faires
One kind of event that can be helpful is a project faire, where people can drop in to talk with groups working on potential new projects. People are used to going to faires where existing groups are advertising their work at public events. But the "project faire" is about projects just about to be born, looking for colleagues and other support.
"Speed-dating" brokerage events
To overcome the inertia of interaction, flash presentations can be followed by one-on-one meetings between everyone presenting. This encourages more people to present.
Urbanology
Urbanology is an attempt to create "social-economic networking" software. Part of that is social networking, which can be seen in the use of Urbanology on the Downtown Eugene site. Another part of the software, is community and project self-management. The idea is that networking should easily lead to collaboration. And example of this use is at the Tango Center website.
We have a long way to go before the web becomes genuinely useful for grassroots economic development and urban revitalization. If you have suggestions or stories, please let us know in the comments section below.
Greg Bryant, April 12, 2008 |
The Nature of Non-profit Incubators
The Tango Center is a 5-year-old non-profit community center in downtown Eugene, Oregon. It's filled with dozens of projects, and with a schedule approaching six events a day and a thousand people a week, it's worth looking at what it took to incubate all these inventive, educational, popular, autonomous, self-funding, non-profit community projects.
Making Space,
Making Suggestions,
Making Sacrifices
There's an important distinction to keep in mind -- the incubator doesn't make the projects, it makes space for the projects. It provides opportunities, it organizes resources, and it makes suggestions. But any newly incubated project will only exist if the people doing the project really want it to succeed. [Note: a 'project' might be independent, and only renting the incubator's space, or it might be within the institutional umbrella].
If the project is suggested repeatedly by community members, then the incubator will try to organize it, by passing the suggestion to the larger community, over and over again, until it succeeds -- eventually, that means the right people, who really like the idea, or some variation on it, will volunteer to make sacrifices.
The infrastructure of mutual aid:
shared resources
& systemic facilities
A successful incubator needs the right resources for new and existing projects to survive. A resource is typically built by one project during its gestation, sometimes with the help of other projects that would also benefit. Often, the resource is simply too large to be launched by projects in a start-up stage, so the incubator needs to bring the larger community together, to help out, "barn-raising" style.
Infrastructure consists of physical structure, regular volunteer work, regular staff work, organizational relationships etc. These are the real pieces of furniture, in the house of mutual aid.
At the Tango Center, we had to build all of this from scratch, or repair it, and maintain it: the dance floor, the ceiling restoration, the ever-growing sound system, the public Mac computer and its music library, the broadband connection and wifi, the public linux machine and printer, the office supplies, the whiteboards, the tables, the chairs, the couches, the bulletin boards, the website, the community-projects software that runs the website, the facebook group, the e-mail lists, the tool library, the materials room, storage, the lost & found, the lighting system, the security system, the copy machine, the fax machine, the bathrooms, the kitchen supplies, the microwave, the fridge, the water cooler, the mailing address and mailbox, the street windows and poster displays, the exhibition equipment, the music directors, the calendar manager, the event managers, the instructor pool, the organizer pool, the visiting instructors, the site manager, the general manager, our 8,000 ft space, our tax-exempt fiscal sponsorship, our ability to sponsor visas, our non-profit status, our legal and accounting help, our one-call center of dance opportunities, our advertising, our media relationships, our referral network, the decorations, the paintings, the poster collections, the murals, the sheet music collections, the piano, the music stands, clips, lights and mikes, the heating systems, the online "creative commons license" graphic, photo and video library, the live music digitizer, the tango store and preview system, etc, etc.
And none of this could have come about, were it not for the work that came before the incubator was even considered ...
Happily, almost all the incubator's projects benefit from improvements to the multiple levels of infrastructure. In fact, it is these "systemic facilities", which positively influence the whole, that are most likely to happen.
Even better -- the fact that the quantity of projects is increasing itself helps the whole, by offering diverse exciting opportunities to the community, holding its interest and swelling its numbers. The more the merrier.
How it happens
If you listen, you can hear the ideas bubble up.
Some are contentious -- especially when they threaten to replace something that's well-loved. But those tend to die off, and that's almost always for the best, probably. Improvements should be incremental, preserving, respecting and enhancing the good things that already exist.
Most good ideas develop momentum on their own. Sometimes, people with a reputation for doing something good, on the outside, want to do their work inside the center. More often, people develop a good reputation for fixing or improving things inside, and so it's easier to get community help for their next project.
Initiation happens in a number of ways, with people playing some combination of inventor, project evangelist, community advocate, problem solver, recruiter, facilitator, and worker. Usually everyone who wanted to do the project, works on it. If the incubator is over-staffed, or if the staff is too self-sacrificing, it often makes the mistake of doing all the projects that are suggested, rather than advertising the ideas and facilitating their exposure to the community talent pool and body politic.
How it fails
Projects fail to start, fail to maintain, or fail to finish, for so many reasons, that it's important, for the incubator, not to become too attached to any one project in particular. However -- keep records. The specific lessons can be very useful for the next generation.
Institutionalization
If there is one thing that the incubator can help with, it is longevity. A project can succeed with the public, be loved by the community, and still die from attrition -- people move on.
The incubator staff needs to learn how to tap much larger institutions: governments, school, utilities, corporations, communities etc. In that way, it can create or collaborate with institutional programs that feed the incubator's projects for years. Maintaining these institutional relationships becomes one of the major roles an incubator can play in the long term.
Of course, the incubator itself is an institution, and its longevity needs regular attention, in the same way that its projects do. It needs to join in larger coalitions with other institutions to maintain viability on the larger scene.
The incubator's strength, however, lies in its community, and continued focus upon acting on its behalf, on behalf of all its people, in the broadest possible way, will ensure a long and exciting future for everyone involved.
Greg Bryant, January 15, 2008 |
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New Strategies for Economic Relocalization
In the 1970's, we called it "import replacement". Local economies can be revived by it, neighborhoods too. It's a strategy that creates jobs, reduces consumption, increases local environmental awareness, and broadens the connection between people who work, and people who shop.
Relocalization is not protectionism. It's pride of place. It's humane. It makes sense. Of course we want to buy bread from that great independent baker down the block, rather than something produced in a factory.
Import replacement has always been the community alternative to the massive, wasteful economic development juggernaut of modern capitalism. Subsistence agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, appropriate technology ... these are the tools of community independence. When economies collapse, local production booms.
Whenever a community organizer is asked "but, what can we produce?" ... the first answer is always "what are you buying?" Everyday, people buy things their community could produce. If we nurture our production base, the skills and level of creativity in our community improves, and we can more easily weather difficult economic times and resource shortages.
Today, with increasing transportation costs and greater pressure to increase profits, relocalization has become increasing viable as a sustainable business strategy.
So, even in the US today, your community can beat import prices.
In the photo above, we see typical, inexpensive meal-in-a-box products found at a local natural food store in Eugene, Oregon. The box on the left is a relocalized "copy" of the one on the right. It is comparable in quality, and it's 30 cents cheaper. Because it doesn't need to travel as far.
"Economy of scale" is an abstraction that is usually applied incorrectly. Corporate monopolies and oligopolies often use it to justify their power and profits, even for products you could make more cheaply in your own house. Food is a perfect example -- there is no packaged food that comes close to the quality and low-cost of a homemade equivalent, and yet the premium on packaged food is astronomical. Is this "economy of scale"? The industry that mass-produces food would have us think so.
Places and products
In most of the world, the displacement of local production, along with the loss of economic independence, that has accelerated since the industrial revolution, has been accompanied by an increasing destruction of places of community.
Neighborhoods were replaced by "zones" for shopping, working, education, and residence. This has been especially true in the US since WW II. Since production was commodified, neighborhood coherence was less valued by planners, architects, developers, financiers, politicians etc. Awareness of this problem has improved in recent years, but the rate of neighborhood destruction, and conversion to mass-production, is still heady.
Given this, why not reverse both trends together? Why not relocalize products and recommunalize places?
One possibly useful tool is a "geographically-focussed incubation network". We're building one to revitalize downtown Eugene, Oregon.
Downtown Eugene was drained and destroyed by Urban Renewal and automobile economics over the past 40 years, and much of it is abandoned, or feels that way. A popular new nightlife district recently sprang to life, and there's now community interest in filling the surrounding empty spaces.
A recent measure to increase Urban Renewal spending (which was defeated) caused a rift among people focussed on downtown, but it was followed by a kind of increased energy and reconciliation, and an agreement that creative, grassroots solutions could help to fix the problems.
To spark such solutions, a citizens' group is hosting a series of "networking events" ... the intention is to bring together all levels of people who might help each other to actually do something positive downtown. This means an open, all-level gathering of potential partners, clientele, entrepreneurs, non-profit organizers, developers, investors etc. It means trying to get people to:
1. start a project
2. gather steam for it
3. figure out how to make it real
4. present it to the larger community
Socioeconomic networking
The biggest difficulty in launching a new venture, is visibility. How does the talent to relocalize, the desire to relocalize, etc. become visible to the community? Without a permanent exchange on which to announce these desires, potential cooperation becomes lost.
If a physical area is revitalized through creation of new local businesses and activities, then it's easy to be visible. But the same cannot be said of the desire to expand, to branch out, to cooperate, collaborate, and form flexible economic cooperative networks. These things are necessary for the survival of neighborhoods and local economies, as they are constantly assaulted by marketing attacks from outside corporate interests.
One solution is a team of people who constantly try to connect everyone. In a different age, a chamber of commerce would have played this role. But now the need for cooperation and fluidity is great, so we need new tools for those who are trying to repair their torn community economies.
One obvious place to do this, is the community memory of our age: the world wide web.
As far as we know, there is only one social networking tool that focusses on place-based economics. The software is known as urbanology, and it has been employed to assist incubation over the past two years at The Tango Center in Eugene. This April, the range of the Urbanology social software will extend to the downtown neighborhood surrounding the Tango Center, as part of the series of networking meetings. The progress of this grassroots networking initiative will be visible at downtowneugene.org. We hope that the results of this popular-based urban revitalization experiment can be used to boost any community-based initiative.
Greg Bryant, March 20, 2008 |
Bootstrapping: reversible equations and the café theory of squatting
Squatters can sustain their occupation of abandoned buildings, by opening a café. In a city, if they do it well, and differentiate themselves, the café will get them local support, with which to petition for residence.
This doesn't happen often in the US today, where landlords in many cities are allowed to sit on empty properties indefinitely. But at many times & places, squatting has been a viable, direct-action approach to urban revitalization.
It may seem like a sequence:
1. live in the building
2. open a café
3. get community support
But, really, this is just one path to the final goal, a "community-supported residence-café", if you will:
Z: "community-supported residence-café"
a: "live in the building"
b. "open a café"
c. "get community support"
or Z = a + b + c
Say you have "c", and have almost all the components for "b" -- but you don't have any investment -- how are you going to finish "b"?
It turns out, that the key is "a": get squatters. If people live in the building (kind of an entrepreneurial community) they can run the café, completing the equation.
So, it turns out that to bootstrap a community project with no money, these "puzzles" must be completed, in some order. If you don't have one piece, work on another piece, until the whole is complete.
One can imagine a computer program in which these equations reside: it lets you find the pieces, and helps you to identify those that are missing from a successful community project.
Greg Bryant, April 13, 2008 |
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Links - Appropriate technology
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What's Rain? Rain magazine has gone through many incarnations. In the seventies and eighties it was the magazine of appropriate technology, and gentle communal culture. In the late 80's, it was concerned with the running of non-profit organizations. In the 90's, we concentrated on the initiation of successful community projects. Rain for the 21st century will be something a little different yet again. Its primary goal will be: to get closer to reality; the texture of life in specific places where good is happening. In this way, through observation and hard work, by building upon what already has life in it, by building what is yet needed, and by fixing what doesn't work, wonderful things will emerge. If this sounds a little vague, then hey, wait for the magazine. |
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